Types of Electric Batteries: Are you planning to buy an electric vehicle? Do you know how many types of batteries are used in these? What batteries do companies like Tesla and Ford use? The most important question is how safe are these batteries used in electric vehicles? To know what happens in the process from the formation of the battery to its recycling, we discussed all the things related to battery technology with Rajat Verma, founder and CEO of LOHUM, one of the leading companies in the field of battery technology. Did. Here are edited excerpts:

1. How is EV battery technology progressing across the world and what is India’s role in it?

EV battery technology is constantly advancing, with the most focus being on its performance, safety and accessibility. Apart from this, solid state cells, sodium ion cells, aluminum air cells with better density are available in the market as other options. Which is working to increase the sentiment and demand of the customers.

2. What is their life on the basis of different batteries?

Depending on the usage and make of the battery, their life is around 8-15 years. According to the cell present in it, the information of some batteries is as follows.
LFP Batteries – last for 10-15 years. They are most commonly used in Tesla and Ford vehicles.
NMC Batteries – have a lifespan of 8-12 years. Most of them are being used in electric vehicles.
LTO Batteries – These have a maximum life span of 12-20 years and come with a promise of completing 10,000 cycles.
NCA Batteries – They have a life span of 8-12 years.

3. What are the technologies that are being used to improve the battery?

There are many technologies for this, which are being used. As-
Advanced BMS – In this, with the help of machine learning and predictive analytics, the work of recording accurate data of charging strategy and energy efficiency is done.

Development of Cathode and Anode Chemistries- Cathodes with higher amounts of nickel and lithium are developed, which work to increase the energy density in battery cells. Including LFP and LTO batteries.
Solid State Battery- These batteries come with solid electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte. Because of which they offer better safety, higher energy density and longer life.

4. What is the process for recycling batteries? How long do recycled batteries live? Are they cheaper than new batteries?

After collecting used batteries, these processes are used to recycle them-

– Sorting and disassembling of different types of batteries.
– They are broken to remove internal parts like electrolytes.
– Chemical process to recover material such as cathode.
After this, the material obtained is purified, so that no harmful chemical remains in it.
– Ultimately the non-recyclable material is disposed of safely.

The life and cost of reusable batteries depends more on how they were used earlier. After which how much output can be taken from the material obtained from it and how it is being used for the second time. Although their cost is very less.
At Loham, we take second life batteries to new uses, such as solar powered ESS applications, 100 percent off-grid EV charging stations and UPS systems.

5. Why is it important to recycle batteries and what kind of waste is generated from this process?

The most difficult comes in the supply chain of Li-ion batteries, as they are made from limited quantities and materials like lithium, cobalt found in some places. That’s why it is necessary to remove them from used batteries.

Not only does battery recycling reduce waste from the earth, but it also reduces the carbon emissions from the extraction of these metals. Also, the material coming out of these can be put in the supply chain, due to which the chances of its shortage are reduced and the cost is also under control.
Now there are many such methods. Since all components of used batteries are completely recyclable, we at Loham recover and reuse all essential parts and work with an aim to create and follow a zero waste ecosystem.

Also read- Punjab EV Policy 2023: Center has reduced subsidy on electric vehicles, then this state has full power, will give incentive of Rs 300 crore

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